Lesson 6 – Trafficking

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Human Trafficking

• ‌Concept of human trafficking from a global perspective
• Defining the term human trafficking based on international and U.S. laws
• Different forms of human trafficking
• History of human trafficking
• Modern trafficking patterns
• Factors giving rise to human trafficking
• Stages of human trafficking
• Predominant characters in the identification of offenders, victims, and consumers
• The art of control over victims
• The invisibility of victims and the difficulty identifying the victim of human trafficking
• Observational and investigative cues to help identify trafficked victims
• Identify trafficking offenders based on specific indicators
• Differences in trafficker’s roles
• Case Management and interagency cooperation aiding in investigations
• Victim-centered approach in investigations
• National and international perspectives concerning efforts to end human trafficking
• Threshold requirements for eligibility of victim benefits and services

• ‌Victim protection under the law
• Recent changes in human trafficking laws
• The importance of victim service providers
• Types of victim service providers
• Victim service requirements as defined by legal parameters
• Importance of inter-agency collaboration
• Importance of seeking help from the community
• Human trafficking case studies
• Importance of a proactive response to human trafficking
• Challenges and barriers to effective investigations of human trafficking

‌Behavior or Physical State:

• Does the victim act fearful, anxious, depressed, submissive, tense, or nervous/paranoid?
• Does the victim defer to another person to speak for him or her?
• Does the victim show signs of physical and/or sexual abuse, physical restraint, confinement, or torture?
• Has the victim been harmed or deprived of food, water, sleep, medical care, or other life necessities?
• Does the victim have few or no personal possessions?

‌Social Behavior:

• Can the victim freely contact friends or family?
• Is the victim allowed to socialize or attend religious services?
• Does the victim have freedom of movement?
• Has the victim or family been threatened with harm if the victim attempts to escape?

‌Work Conditions and Immigration Status:

• Does the victim work excessively long and/or unusual hours?
• Is the victim a juvenile engaged in commercial sex?
• Was the victim recruited for one purpose and forced to engage in some other job?
• Is the victim’s salary being garnished to pay off a smuggling fee? (Paying off a smuggling fee alone is not considered trafficking.)
• Has the victim been forced to perform sexual acts?
• Has the victim been threatened with deportation or law enforcement action?
• Is the victim in possession of identification and travel documents; if not, who has control of the documents?